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- <text id=91TT1612>
- <title>
- July 22, 1991: Energy:Gee, Your Car Smells Terrific!
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- July 22, 1991 The Colorado
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 48
- ENERGY
- Gee, Your Car Smells Terrific!
- </hdr><body>
- <p>In the race to develop cleaner-burning auto fuels, an old standby
- -- gasoline -- is making a surprising comeback
- </p>
- <p> Ask futurists what most Americans will be putting in the fuel
- tanks of their automobiles in the 21st century -- assuming
- there are still automobiles, with fuel tanks, in the 21st
- century -- and they will probably describe some exotic
- combustible derived from wood chips, corn husks or ordinary
- seawater. But as the year 2000 gets closer, it seems
- increasingly likely, even to ardent environmentalists, that the
- real fuel of the 21st century will be a more familiar blend.
- "For the foreseeable future," says Bill Sessa, a spokesman for
- California's influential Air Resources Board, "the dominant fuel
- in this country will be gasoline."
- </p>
- <p> But not just any gasoline. To meet stringent air-pollution
- standards scheduled to take effect over the next few years, oil
- companies are racing to make their fossil fuels as pollution
- free as the alternatives, chiefly methanol, ethanol and natural
- gas. Last week Atlantic Richfield, the eighth largest U.S. oil
- company, said it had developed just such a fuel: a
- cleaner-burning gasoline that the company claims will cut toxic
- emissions nearly 50%.
- </p>
- <p> If making a better gasoline is so easy, why hasn't anyone
- done it before? The simple answer: cleaner fuels are more
- expensive. A gallon of ARCO's new gas -- dubbed EC-X, for
- Emission Control-Experimental -- will cost about 16 cents more
- at the pump than standard gasoline. If ARCO simply passed those
- charges on to its customers, they would soon find new places to
- refuel. But the Los Angeles-based company knows that California
- is about to set new fuel standards that will require all oil
- companies in the state to reformulate their gasolines or switch
- to alternative fuels. ARCO has no plans to sell EC-X until it
- is ordered to meet the new standards, which will take effect in
- 1996.
- </p>
- <p> Producing so-called designer gasolines is a matter of
- fine-tuning the refining process. Gasoline is a mixture of as
- many as 100 carbon-based compounds derived from crude oil by
- selectively distilling -- or cracking -- various hydrocarbons.
- ARCO's goal was to reduce the concentration of problematic
- components, among them cancer-causing benzene and the aromatic
- hydrocarbons that react with sunlight to produce ozone. To make
- EC-X, the company's chemists changed the mix of their
- distillates, adding compounds that cost more to refine.
- </p>
- <p> The cleaner gas has advantages over rival fuels like
- methanol M85, a blend of 15% gasoline and 85% alcohol, which
- costs 25 cents to 40 cents more than standard gasoline. Unlike
- methanol, a gas like EC-X can be used in any car without
- mechanical adjustments or loss of power. As a result, the
- development could be the death knell to the massive switchover
- to alternative fuels that President Bush was urging as recently
- as two years ago. Switching to such fuels as methanol and
- natural gas would require retooling the millions of cars built
- each year and installing new pumps and tanks at 200,000 U.S.
- service stations. It would also end the cozy auto-fuel monopoly
- the oil industry has enjoyed for nearly a century.
- </p>
- <p> While ARCO was first, other formulas may emerge. In fact,
- ARCO's announcement seemed timed more to influence hearings of
- California's Air Standards Board than to grab market share.
- Alternative-fuel enthusiasts are far from giving up their
- campaign to wean Americans from gasoline. "What you're seeing
- now," says Eric Goldstein, air-quality expert for the Natural
- Resources Defense Council, "is early skirmishing in the battle
- over how transportation will be powered in the 21st century."
- May the best fuel win.
- </p>
- <p> By Philip Elmer-DeWitt. With reporting by Denise
- Carres/Los Angeles
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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